The ADDIE Model of Instructional Design
The ADDIE model has been a go-to option for instructional designers and educators for numerous years. The acronym, ADDIE, is for Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate.
Even though these processes are highlighted sequentially, they are not necessarily to be applied sequentially.
The steps are also the reason behind the widespread adoption and acceptance of this model.
History of the ADDIE model
Instructional design as a field and concept originated in the 1950s, and the ADDIE model has been around since 1975 when it was initially designed.
The Florida State University’s Center of Educational Technology initially designed the ADDIE model for the US army. After the development and initial implementation in the army, ADDIE was implemented in the different US armed forces.
The inspiration for the ADDIE model is the five step approach, an older model of instructional design. The five steps or components of the ADDIE model are thus a form of carryover from the five step approach.
It is noteworthy that the original version has been modified over time. The core of the current version of the approach is from the 1980s, and it has had a huge influence on the different ID models.
Components of the ADDIE model
Analysis
This is the stage where the designer focuses on understanding the target audience to ensure that the course is tailored to the needs and expectations of the target audience.
During the analysis phase, the designer gets to know the target audience and highlight what they currently know or the skills that they have and what they should know at the end of the course.
Instructional designers should also find out the most ideal learning environment during the analysis phase. The limiting factors should also be highlighted during this phase.
Design
The design phase is where the designer identifies the content, lesson planning, learning objectives, and media selection.
It is important that the process of identifying and applying tools and strategies is specific. The different types of media should be identified. This is the stage where the different mental processes and time frames for tasks are established.
The interface and feedback mechanism of the course should also be figured out in this stage when applying the ADDIE model.
Development
The development stage of the ADDIE model is where the designer implements the information gathered in the first two stages. This phase can thus be described as when the real action starts.
Three major activities make up the development phase; they are production, evaluation, and drafting.
During the development phase, the designer creates the learning outcomes and tests them afterward.
As this phase proceeds, core questions such as whether materials are produced according to schedule, participants are engaging in teamwork, and the capacity of the performance of the participants is optimal.
Implementation
This is the phase where the initial product created during the development phase is modified. The modifications carried out in this phase include redesign, edit, and update. Continuous feedback is gotten and implemented in this stage.
Meticulous monitoring and proper evaluation are critical in the implementation stage. The focus of designers, in this case, should include whether data is being collected effectively and the feedback gotten from both the students and the teachers.
It is important that the scale of implementation of the project is identified in this phase, whether it is a large or small scale implementation.
Evaluation
During the evaluation phase, final testing is carried out on the product created from the different phases.
The evaluation phase is broadly divided into the formative and summative stages. The formative stage is where both the teachers and students evaluate the product. The summative stage is a more final process for vetting the product.
This final evaluation phase is where the final product is considered to both confirm that it is in an excellent form and note measures for improving the success rate.